1986 to the Present: Digital spatial mapping

The short evolution of GIS

In late 1986, a major historical advancement in map production and delivery began in the Queensland Government. This was with the introduction of computer-based Geographic Information Systems (GIS).

The GIS processes were in full operation by 1988 when 'Expo 88' was drawing crowds from around the world. At this time, trade displays were promoting the different technologies of the time.

There were two and three dimensional applications offering users custom-requested layers activated to suit specific requirements.

 

3D terrain model

Current technology

Today's GIS applications incorporate different technologies and functions for specific use, but are transparent within the user interface.

GIS applications are now widely used across a large spectrum of professions.

The latest technology used to deliver spatial information is via the internet. Through the use of XML and java based applications, combined with server-side databases, custom-built layer selection and query functions can be offered from within a browser interface.

 

An application for web based GIS mapping using forms and queries

One example of web-based GIS used in the hospitality industry is a georeferenced map linked to a live database of accommodation data. This is able to show the available rooms in a motel. Therefore users are able to book a specific room in real time online. The interactive maps can depict locations of accommodation and allow 3D viewing of available rooms.

Since the latter part of the 1980s, the Department of Natural Resources and Mines has devoted its mapping commitments to geographic information systems. This is to meet natural resource management needs requested by business and the community.

During this process, the department has committed huge outlays of money towards research, hardware, software and human resources in building the technologically advanced systems.

The spatial dimensions added to the systems in the past four to five years have been exponential and continue to be added at an accelerating rate.

GIS explained

Georeferenced spatial information is data that includes a geographic reference to a particular location on the earth's surface. This may include latitude and longitude coordinates, property location index or a lot on plan number.

This information, together with hardware and specialised software forms the basis of a geographic information system. The software and hardware make possible the creation, storage, output, manipulation, integration and analysis output.

GIS software allows users to overlay different layers of specific spatial information, for example cadastral boundaries over a rectified aerial photograph. Other user requirements could include drainage and contours.

Advanced software allows for complex queries and analysis of georeferenced locations.